{"id":3356,"date":"2020-07-22T15:19:55","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T09:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nerising.in\/?p=3356"},"modified":"2020-08-08T16:41:52","modified_gmt":"2020-08-08T11:11:52","slug":"iit-guwahati-researchers-show-the-selective-transport-of-carbohydrates-in-cells","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/northeastrising.in\/test\/iit-guwahati-researchers-show-the-selective-transport-of-carbohydrates-in-cells\/","title":{"rendered":"IIT Guwahati researchers show the Selective Transport of Carbohydrates in Cells by Protein Molecules"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Guwahati, July 22:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/nerising.in\/iit-guwahati-researchers-produce-biofuel-from-non-edible-waste-seeds\/\">Indian Institute of Technology<\/a>,<\/span> (IIT) Guwahati researchers have shown how some specialised protein molecules found on the cell membranes of all biological cells carry carbohydrate molecules into cells from outside.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They have studied specific protein molecules called ABC transporters, present in bacterial cell membranes and have shown that these transporters are selective about the type of carbohydrates they transport into cells.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The work has been published in The FEBS Journal and the paper has been authored by Dr Shankar Prasad Kanaujia and his PhD students, Monika Chandravanshi and Prerana Gogoi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any living cell needs glucose for life-sustaining energy. Glucose, in turn, is obtained by the breakdown of carbohydrates \u2013 table sugar (sucrose), a simple carbohydrate, and starch, a complex carbohydrate, are some sources of glucose in the cell.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Such carbohydrates must be taken into the cell, and broken down inside the cell into glucose. These carbohydrates are large molecules that cannot penetrate the membranes that surround the cell by themselves and depend on some special helpers or transporting molecules to carry them across.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3584\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3584\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nerising.in\/iit-guwahati-researchers-show-the-selective-transport-of-carbohydrates-in-cells\/dr-shankar-prasad-kanaujia-associate-professor-department-of-biosciences-and-bioengineering-iit-guwahati-1-1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3584\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3584\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/nerising.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-1-1.jpg?resize=510%2C450&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"IIT Guwahati\" width=\"510\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-1-1.jpg?w=510&amp;ssl=1 510w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-1-1.jpg?resize=300%2C265&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-1-1.jpg?resize=476%2C420&amp;ssl=1 476w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3584\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr Shankar Prasad Kanaujia, Associate Professor, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<strong>One of the largest classes of transporting molecules is the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter, which is widespread in all forms of life<\/strong>,\u201d Dr Kanaujia said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These special form of proteins present in the cell membranes of almost all living cells, capture the carbohydrates from outside the cell and deliver them into the cells.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Table sugar and starch are only two of the numerous carbohydrates that are used by the cells, and they have to be preferentially taken into the cell.\u00a0 While ABC transporters have been known for a long time, it remains unknown if these carbohydrate-ferries have preference for specific carbohydrates over others.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many of the carbohydrates have similar structures and components, and differ in a specific type of bond or linkage, called glycosidic bonds.\u00a0 There are two types of glycosidic bonds \u2013 alpha and beta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<strong>We did not know if the ABC transporters have a preference for any specific type of glycosidic bond<\/strong>,\u201d the researcher said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3586\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3586\" style=\"width: 509px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nerising.in\/iit-guwahati-researchers-show-the-selective-transport-of-carbohydrates-in-cells\/ms-prerana-gogoi-ph-d-student-of-dr-shankar-prasad-kanaujia-associate-professor-department-of-biosciences-and-bioengineering-iit-guwahati-2-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3586\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3586\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/nerising.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ms.-Prerana-Gogoi-Ph.D.-student-of-Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-2.jpg?resize=509%2C450&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"IIT Guwahati\" width=\"509\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ms.-Prerana-Gogoi-Ph.D.-student-of-Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-2.jpg?w=509&amp;ssl=1 509w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ms.-Prerana-Gogoi-Ph.D.-student-of-Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-2.jpg?resize=300%2C265&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ms.-Prerana-Gogoi-Ph.D.-student-of-Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-2.jpg?resize=475%2C420&amp;ssl=1 475w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3586\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms Prerana Gogoi, PhD student of Dr Shankar Prasad Kanaujia, Associate Professor, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IIT Guwahati team studied the ABC Transport system of a bacterium called Thermus thermophilus, that are present in hot springs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To survive the extreme environment, the bacterium utilizes many kinds of carbohydrates for energy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is the ABC transport system in this bacterium inherently selective to specific carbohydrates or does it have no such preference?\u00a0 This is the question they have answered in their research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<strong>Based on the preliminary analysis of the ABC transport systems of the bacteria we chose, we hypothesized that it would have different affinities for different carbohydrates<\/strong>,\u201d Dr Kanaujia said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3585\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3585\" style=\"width: 542px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nerising.in\/iit-guwahati-researchers-show-the-selective-transport-of-carbohydrates-in-cells\/ms-monika-chandravanshi-ph-d-student-of-dr-shankar-prasad-kanaujia-associate-professor-department-of-biosciences-and-bioengineering-iit-guwahati-1-1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3585\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-3585\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/nerising.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ms.-Monika-Chandravanshi-Ph.D.-student-of-Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-1-1.jpg?resize=542%2C478&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"IIT Guwahati researcher\" width=\"542\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ms.-Monika-Chandravanshi-Ph.D.-student-of-Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-1-1.jpg?w=510&amp;ssl=1 510w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ms.-Monika-Chandravanshi-Ph.D.-student-of-Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-1-1.jpg?resize=300%2C265&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/northeastrising.in\/test\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ms.-Monika-Chandravanshi-Ph.D.-student-of-Dr.-Shankar-Prasad-Kanaujia-Associate-Professor-Department-of-Biosciences-and-Bioengineering-IIT-Guwahati-1-1.jpg?resize=476%2C420&amp;ssl=1 476w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3585\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms Monika Chandravanshi, PhD student of Dr Shankar Prasad Kanaujia, Associate Professor, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To validate this hypothesis, the team used X-ray crystallography techniques to determine the three-dimensional crystal structure of the ABC transport system connected to various types of carbohydrates having different kinds of glycosidic bonds.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The team at IIT, Guwahati also found an interesting phenomenon \u2013 the transporters had a higher affinity for simple glucose than complex carbohydrates, which meant that any glucose in the extracellular space would be preferentially taken into the cells over higher carbohydrates.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are interesting results in that they offer a better understanding of how carbohydrates are taken into cells. Defective transport of carbohydrates into cells is associated with a range of disorders, including cystic fibrosis, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes. Understanding the mechanism of carbohydrate transfer by the ABC transporters would enable a better understanding of the causes and effects of many of these disorders.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Guwahati, July 22: Indian Institute of Technology, (IIT) Guwahati researchers have shown how some specialised protein molecules found on the cell membranes of all biological cells carry carbohydrate molecules into cells from outside. They have studied specific protein molecules called ABC transporters, present in bacterial cell membranes and have shown that these transporters are selective [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"spay_email":""},"categories":[56,27],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>IIT Guwahati researchers show the Selective Transport of Carbohydrates in Cells by Protein Molecules - North East Rising<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati researchers have shown how some specialised protein molecules found on the cell membranes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/northeastrising.in\/test\/iit-guwahati-researchers-show-the-selective-transport-of-carbohydrates-in-cells\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IIT Guwahati researchers show the Selective Transport of Carbohydrates in Cells by Protein Molecules - 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